Sociology

Q1.  Books Incs model embodies small autonomous booksellers. They are different from box stores like Amazon. Com, Wal-Mart and Costco as this are big.  Books Inc do provide proficient marketing strategies to help people sell and endorse more books. They spotlight on both internal and external spheres where by in external they focus on books and try to uphold customer service. The internal sphere is meant to prepare the system of well- structured independent booksellers in solving current crisis for the well being of the future generations. According to Carolyn, it proves to be challenging for Books Incs model to compete with big box stores because keeping a smaller footprint will require them to situate in environs with bounteous foot traffic. The other challenge is on costs as they are now keen than before on payrolls and such as the issue of expenses nearly led them out of the market in 1990s.

Q2 As much as Book Inc has gone through challenges we can assert that it is a rationale of ecology theory. Unlike Barnes and Noble Inc it has tried to stay away from places like malls and at the same time has tried to be very keen as far as costs are concerned to keep them in the market. Instead of purchasing everything at a go they have made it their priority to buy for each individual store instead. Unlike those big stores who sell first run books at knock-down prices, Books Inc are doing much better.

Q3 Universitys new revenue sources have led to the deepening of stratification on campus
as far as disciplines are concerned and the funding from federal research grants as UC whose budget is from the state is not a reliable source of money. The highest priority in campus is the subunits that have defined their reputation thus they have decided to allocate money where it is most needed. The new construction that the University has planned is in the electro engineering computer science, biological sciences and Chemistry. Less space has been allocated for humanities and social sciences due to reflection on the investment. The stratification is basically a limelight to show how much income is gotten from these subunits to the university. We can therefore declare that the stratification between industrial and research activities are deepening as far as campus is concerned.

Q4. Money gotten from funding does not go to instructional activities as external subsidy only comes from the grants that are federal related. Therefore the reason why the tuition fee is still compelled by the University is because the instructional activities are still in the retreating state.

Q5. To achieve both excellence and access, Chancellor Birgeneau asserted that Berkeley must follow a strategy that is unswerving with character and mission. They must also retain and recruit top faculty to maintain brilliance in order to compete with other prestigious universities. The university is at present limiting the number of faculty the university hires and diminishing the quality of instructions each student get from the lecturer in order to maintain the access of low- come in state students to the institution. Giving up access and increasing the number of out- of- state students should be executed to keep excellence.

Q6. One of the most trendy food menus in McDonald is chicken McNugget. The reason why it tastes the same everywhere is for the simple reason that every McDonald franchisees are used for the same recipes everywhere.  The beef extracts and tallow were the main ingredients that led to the creation of the same tastes which enables people chew easily making it the most favorite food for the children.  Just like the French fries they apply same beef chemicals to McNuggets.  Franchiser according to the fast food nation provides brand name, access to equipment, expertise, business plan and a new idea. Every franchisee follows the same ingredient, recipe and equipments for selling Mcnuggets by following companys rules. Keystone has done a great job to do a background research in order to uniformize McNuggets. They then be helped in applying the modernized technology for manufacture of small pieces of reconstituted chicken called McNuggets which constituted of white meat held by stabilizers, fried, breaded, frozen and heated. The main advantage of this industrialization is that in the kitchen the workers do not have to work. At the heart of franchise agreement is the desire  from the two parties to make money while avoiding risks to be incurred. On the other hand the franchisor is after expanding of existing company without having to spend funds thus making the relationship quite peculiar.

Q7. When Chinese restaurants began to run as independent small businesses they did not know whether they shall win or lose. Managers of these organizations live in the world filled with uncertainty as they hardly know what tomorrow holds for them. To overcome this vagueness they draw models and choose the environment fit to emulate who will in return influence them. The uniformity in America as far as menus are concerned is as a result of Isomorphism theory which refers to facing uncertainties.  Organizations have a tendency of copying the model that works even with other organizations.

Q8. In producing Big Mac, certain organizations are involved. The process start from the cattle rancher, meatpacking companies to finally the workers organization in the local MacDonald restaurant. Basically it starts from the American cattle, and then the meat is packed, processed, manufactured and finally rendered to industries.

Q9. McDonalds purchase their cattle from the ranchers situated in Oklahoma and Taxes thus the relationship between cattle ranchers and meat processors is fairly low. The reason why the cost of Big Mac is low in the U.S is because the dismal close relationship between ranchers and processors from Lopez Foods Company aids in keeping their trucking costs stumpy.

Q10. As a result of the development of technologies businesses related with fast foods became a congregation line thus butchers were no longer hired and all meat needed was pre-cut. This led to the process of producing beef fast and simple. Meatpacking plants hire young people and illicit aliens to reduce wages which are much less compared to 1900s due to hiring of unskilled and cheap labor. This has helped to save the company from incurring expenses since they do not have to pay insurance or vacation time. To recruit new employees this companies go for illegal migrants across the border to provide cheap labor.