Sociology

The history of racial discrimination started very early and has been persistent over the years. Racial Discrimination is common in America despite the move by human right activists and interest groups to stop the vice in the society. In the US, the Hispanics encounter several problems such as poverty, unemployment, and other forms of racial discrimination. The paper will focus on the racial discrimination against the Hispanics both present and past and their brief history. It will specifically discuss racial discrimination in education sector, economic and employment sector in past and present America. The paper will also talk on the racial injustice in general and the position the Hispanics hold in social stratification in the modern day America.

The term Hispanic was initiated by the federal government of 1970, to refer to people who were born or originated from Spanish territories. They had different pigments with the whites and therefore could not be generalized to be Negros or Hispanics. They represent a wide variety of countries and ethnic groups of different political, social and emotional experiences. The reason why the Hispanics are segregated in the modern day America is because most of them see themselves as Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans. Most whites have taken advantage of their identity to discriminate them and to treat them as unequal members of the society this has been portrayed in many different forms and places in the modern day America. However, discrimination originated long ago and the current victims of the vice are just but emulating the old generation. (Tomlinson, 2008).

Population of the Hispanics
There has been a tremendous increase in population among the Hispanics in the modern day America. According Tomlinson (2008), the available data of the census carried out in the year 2000 on the total number of Hispanic, shows that the population has increased by 12 from 4 in 1917. Despite their increase in population, they still face a lot of racial discrimination especially in education, economic and in employment in the modern day America.

Origin of Racial discrimination in the education
According to Tomlinson (2008), racial discrimination in the education system has been in existence since the introduction of education in the US. The early education system offered education to the slaves who were Hispanics but today, Hispanics are facing a lot of racial discrimination. They were educated by the missionaries to convert them to Christianity. The missionaries established several schools for the Hispanics.

According to Tomlinson (2008) there was a lot of discrimination in selection of students and most Hispanics never attended the same schools with the whites. Many whites were opposed to the education of the Hispanics because they wanted to use them as slaves this was the reason why the Puerto Ricans were denied citizenship since the whites were not willing to interact with them as they were taken to be bad omen in the society and were regarded as slaves (Smitherman, 2000). There was a low level of registration among the Hispanics in the education systems.

According to Smitherman (2000) by the year 1950s, the education system still divided the Hispanics and the whites. Hispanics and the whites were segregated and could not use the same academic institution. Smitherman (2000) argued that the reason why there was a feeling of hatred between the two groups was because the Supreme Court of the US advocated for the segregation of whites and the Hispanics. As a result of segregation, the Hispanics were offered inferior education as compared to the whites and most of them according to Fossett (1997) never performed well as compared to the whites. This was because the government reduced the funding for Hispanic public schools and heavily funded the white schools (Fossett, 1997). Fossett (1997) further argued that, teachers working in the public schools where most Hispanics were learning were paid less than those working in urban areas where most whites were learning. Facilities in white schools were better and adequate as compared to those of the black schools.

The Supreme Court declined racial discrimination in the public schools and removed all the discriminative Acts in the constitution of the country. There was large scale resistance by many whites upon this ruling and some schools continued to practice the segregation of the Hispanics. The federal courts had made tremendous efforts by 1980. Most of the schools had adopted a fairer system
According to Tomlinson (2008), most of the Americans and financially stable African Americans migrated to the rural areas. The poor Hispanics were left in the central places of the city. The migration separated most of the Hispanics and the whites. In the 1960s, most activists led by Martin Luther King Jr, increased the campaign against racial discrimination. The students encountered fierce opposition from the school administration. Some were suspended from school while others were jailed. Most African American students joined the campaigns to stop the increasing gap between the whites and the Hispanics. The students formed organizations within the schools to fight for equality (Smitherman, 2000). Students increased their involvement in the national politics to fight for equality. Demonstrations were held and they also used nonviolent means of achieving justice.

After the federal government gave into the fight against discrimination, most schools were not ready to accept the ruling. However, the education system slowly adopted the new rules. Up to date, some traces of racial discrimination can be seen in the education systems. They are more likely to be placed in remedial classes. Berkowitz (1998) argued that Hispanics have a low probability of being placed in accelerated classes or securing better grades especially if the teacher was a white, he further argued that most Hispanics were discouraged by the performance and dropped out of schools prematurely hence could not compete favorably in the job market with the white graduates.

Institutional Discrimination in Academics
Academic institutions are proud of being associated with the whites and they admit more whites than Hispanics. For example, Sonoma State University in California (SSU) received the status of being the whitest and having the richest student population. This indicates that the Hispanics are still segregated in the admission into institutions of higher education. The university offers its products at a higher price such that the low income earning Hispanics cannot access the resources (Berkowitz, 1998).

However by the year 1994, discrimination was still evident since the school had more than three quarters of the whites students and the Hispanics were the minority groups in the learning institutions (Smitherman, 2000). Smitherman (2000) further argued that the school had the policy of targeting the rich white students from high school and most of the workers in the school were whites. Moreover, Hispanics were not allowed to work in the senior management of the schools. According to Berkowitz (1998), Berkeley High School has a history of increasing discrimination despite the efforts to eradicate the vice by the legal systems in the country. The admission is biased and gives more opportunities to the whites than to the Hispanics. Most of the employees are whites.

Discrimination in Hiring
Affirmative action programs, reverse discrimination, and criteria of comparable worth are appropriate forms of remedy to discrimination in hiring Hispanics and minorities. Discrimination violates the provisions in the Title VI of the Civil rights Act. The Act prohibits any form of discrimination to employees either according to their sex, color, race, and national background. Many organizations have adhered to these affirmative actions since a lot of campaign has been done to ensure equal employment opportunities to all people (Smitherman, 2000).

According to Smitherman (2000), the laws that were set to prevent discrimination against any group of people in employment have been amended continuously to accommodate the changing workplace environment. Employees, employers, trade unions and all other stakeholders in the job market have embraced these laws and success has been achieved in their implementation.

The Hispanics have a higher probability of being unemployed. This has created a huge gap between the income levels between the Hispanics and the whites. According to Fossett (1997), social classes exist in the economy because the Hispanics have been denied access to academic institutions to increase their skills and secure better jobs. All the systems of the economy discriminate against the Hispanics and they are given lower positions in the government as compared to the whites. The campaign by president Obama, has achieved a lot and the difference between the Hispanics and the whites is continuously shrinking. Despite the great effort placed upon the systems of the government to reduce discrimination, there remain some aspects of racial differences which have created a lot of concern in the modern America (Fossett, 1997).

Authority abuses in workplaces are common in America and have affected most Hispanics than most people may think. Abuse of power in the work place refers to any act that interferes with or undermines an employees capability performing task and it includes all forms of harassment, coercion, threats and discrimination amongst other things. Authority abuse in workplaces occurs when an individuals uses the powers bestowed on him improperly to intimidate, threaten or harass the employees. However, due to economic status of the Hispanics as well as fear of victimization, employees are always afraid of reporting cases of authority abuse even when it directly affects them. This has resulted in most cases of abuse passing on unreported as employees continue to suffer silently in their workplaces (Smitherman, 2000).

Racial injustice
As a result of discrimination in social sectors such as interaction, sports and labor, most Hispanics migrated to other regions since they could not compete favorably in the job market. According Smitherman (2000), discrimination has led to inequality and increased the chances of hatred hence can result to conflict.

Racial discrimination has resulted to numerous social injustices in most sectors and organization in America. This is as a result of the Super Ego of the whites, who believes that color determines knowledge, position, possession and power. Most of the Hispanics rights are therefore being violated by the Whites in silence due to fear and their social classificationstratification in the society (Fossett, 1997).

Conclusion
It is therefore true to say that Hispanics has faced a lot of problems in numerous sectors such as education, economic and in social sectors hence their rights and freedom are violated by the whites who think they are not equal to them due to color difference. All human beings were created equal and should be treated equally and with respect. The fundamental rights of a person should be respected by all people. Employees should be allowed to participate in making decisions that concern the policies of the organization. People should be given equal opportunities in the organization. All human beings should be treated equally and none should be discriminated against. Policies on economic, education and recruitment should accommodate the interests of all groups. Hispanics are equal and have fundamental rights which should be protected. The minority groups within the society should be considered when making decisions that affect them.

Death and dying have been some of the key themes dominating most of the American media literature. American mysteries, true crimes books and war novels are very popular to many readers. Dying and death have been featured even in childrens story books. Print media has regularly published events on death and dying on their cover pages especially those on notorious killers (Bryant  Shoemaker 1977). Reports of dying and deathhave been popular in the daily news-papers with the deaths of ordinary people being reported in brief while those of prominent personalities including celebrities receiving large coverage (Walter et al.1995)

Dying and death has at all times been a conflicting issue to comprehend let alone interpret. Every individual has had his or her personal opinion on death and dying. Nevertheless, the society being the major influencer has had a big impact on peoples belief of death (Tony, 2009) .For hundreds of years print media has been used to spread information and news to many people. Academic research on dying, bereavement and death can be dated back to 1960s in United Kingdom and United States this is because research on death is a new field. Glennys Howarth (2007) contributes to the new field of mortality studies by assessing the societal construction of death, bereavement and dying in modern, contemporary and traditional times. She notes peoples experiences of death and dying as resulting from the crosscutting of individual agency and social structure, subjectivity and objectivity, individuality and collectivity. The most important question to note has been how communities and societies handle the issue of mortality when confronted with it (Berger Luckmann, 2006).

An article by Tony Walter (2009) analyses the degree of, and response to coverages in the print media of Jade Goody, a media celebrity based in Britain. A few sociologists have despised death as being in sequestration with the body thus the sociological importance behind the high and intense coverage of Jades profile in the later weeks. More so the exaggerated disturbing photos from the press for instance those which enhanced her baldness are some of the issues which elicited controversies among sociologists. Jades photographs brought different reactions accompanied alongside disapproval of dying in public On the other hand, media shadowing of private and public death have created innovative ways of publicizing personal, emotional and bodily understanding of death (Glennys, 2007).

Disaster, bereavement and death have received publications from both down-market and up -market mass media. An increased percentage of pictures and stories on the British newspapers fore front pages have been concerned with death as stated by Walter et al (1995), while it remains pervasive on American television dramas. The death is hence not detached from readers and viewers daily routines of communicating, breakfasting and other duties Death is very visible in public media but technically avoided in private conversations (Tony, 2009). Death as portrayed by the media is rarely experienced by the audience. Individuals in the countryside news face death through accidents, murder, war and disaster and the exceptions have however been in print media articles on the general life threatening ailments. There are a number of first person publications on dying, illnesses and loss in form of news paper columns and books. Pathographies by individuals facing death can be dated as far as 1970 and most of them have been written by persons suffering from cancer (Bingley et al, 2006). Cancer has been one of the conditions that the dying individuals have written about compared to other conditions .Despite the fears associated with this condition readers never seem to get tired of the cancer pathographies. Questions have been posed to state the relationship between family experience with cancer and media presentation of cancer. Pathographies on the other hand tend to lean on the disturbing issue of diagnosis and hope for therapeutic treatment than the wee days of the dying. The uniqueness of some of the deaths in print media has been the methods in which people have received diagnostic results of their deadly ailments and have been expected to live up with them till death for instance when Jade was given her cancer diagnosis results over a reality Television show (Berger Luckmann, 2006 The Times, 2009).

Trends on dying and death in print media have been changing over time. News papers and magazines have continuously published articles on the dying individuals. The audience also still enjoys its ontological security after even having read the articles. Numerous publications on the dying persons have currently dominated the print media for instance the photographs of a dying British television celebrity, Jade Goody who was a victim of cancer. Wendy Richards an EastErenders actress who died of cancer was purported to have send Jade a message of hope after reading from the papers about her condition. Prior to these events there were photographs of George Best, a footballer gasping for breath. Photographs of Terri Schiavo have also been widely observed in her permanent vegetative state. Terri was the high profile focal person on euthanasia arguments (Glennys, 2007).

A column writer for The Times (London) in one of Jades columns has incorporated the fate of Terry Pratchett, an Alzheimers patient and John Suchet a dementia patient in his column. The media has gone ahead in defending the increasing media attraction to Jades fate via columnist for the Guardian who has stated that death is inevitable, despite the fact that current society has been highly blurred by that reality. By writing on the dying people print media, the columnist has been forging towards correcting the societies self rejection of death. For instance, Justine Picardie a columnist for The Sunday Times stated that her sisters public display during her fight with cancer 10 years ago was an avenue to bringing death in to reality of life. On the other hand affirming and creating of value in the life of humans, is totally different from displaying the chronically ill before the cameras as well as in newsprint headlines.

Sociologists Berger Luckmann (2006) in their book social construction of reality also have assessed the effect of the predetermined time and the anxiety about worldly nature of peoples existence. The two have noted that death and dying have been turned into valuables with words such as choice, dignity and rights all over media hence shadowing the fear that comes with death. Of late the call for euthanasia has dominated the public sphere with extensive media broadcast and news print on dying (Berger Luckmann, 2006).

Going by the current trends, dying and death in print media has greatly affected the social make up of the Americans and this has instituted access to social problems for many audiences  not only in the United States but also in other parts of the world. Print media has been criticized by a number of sociologists on violence, racism, and homophobia and war all of which results to death. Social problems associated with media have revolved around dangerous influence on youths and young children, degradation of sexuality and women, and advertising manipulation .The effect of war and violent media on adolescents and children has raised a lot of questions on the advent of print media and it this has resulted in to a complicated interaction of politics, commercial interest and policies (Tony, 2009). The United States federal agencies and congress, stimulated by child advocacy bodies and professional organizations, have asserted that violence in print media has had a negative influence on children (Macmillan encyclopedia of death and dying, 2003). Another social implication is on culture whereby print media has been faced with criticisms concerning publications of death and dying. For instance, Americans complained bitterly on the wall -to- wall reporting following the death of Princess Diana (Jack, 1999). Street posters were heavily criticized for exposing death to public. Many people complained of the increasing personal memorials and street shrines that get away with cemetery bounds. This was said to have lead to social degradation of the culture. Class wars have also resulted from death and dying publication on print media (The Times, 2009). Taking a look at Jades Pathography, some readers and journalists have agued at her lack of talent and education and have not concurred on the fact that someone so incapacitated in education would prosper in contemporary Britain. With erosion of religion and community as well as social fragmentation, persons have been left in isolation when mourning. In a culture which strongly puts emphasis on expression of ones emotions, much is required on talking therapy however this has led to the development of social therapy as another implication of dying and death in media (Glennys, 2007).

In conclusion, television programs, commentaries, newspapers, magazines and books have regularly informed the society the fact that death is real, it is painful and every one of them may soon or later meet with this reality. There has been a particular interest with the decaying and fading away of bodies. With the given examples of Jade, Terri and John Suchet on their dying bodies, it is paramount that the society cannot get away with mortality. Instead of collective and healthy discussion on how to grant life meaning, and celebrate its fading away, the society has expansively developed a morbid fascination on the physical process of dying (The Times, 2009). Some have gone ahead to look for implications in the dying process as opposed to death itself while the main aim of media has been diversionary and for entertainment. However, media coverage on the dying especially in the last days brings confrontation to the readers and viewers with cases such as the death of which Becker (1973) notes as societys most call for diversion. Allusion to painful prolonged fading away in obituaries, traditional documentaries or news media has an important history, to commentate on the same issue in a form of series for several months or weeks in a way of diversionary entertainment (Walter).The celebrity culture together with the associated media should not pose a challenge to conventional daily distinction between the private and public. Watching exhibitions of death, bereavement and dying has enthralled audiences because it overruns within the formal procedure in the media industry. The ignominy and thrill of reality television has been supported by the fact that whilst privacy remains a norm, pleasurably it can be violated via exhibitions and voyeurism as individuals clamor to show and see it all. In the meantime, those outside the media have continued to die of chronic conditions and have remained marginalized in communities and social life.

In the simplest of terms, defining social perspective can begin with the study of ones idea on anything that he senses or perceives. These ideas are not just created by an individuals imagination.  At birth, ones mind is virtually a tabula rasa. Knowledge is not inherently implanted inside it.  Instead, it is developed along with the development of the individuals senses.  As a child grows, he begins to learn many things not just by observation but also by instruction initially by his parents and, later on, by his teachers in school.  He starts education not just with the use of his senses on things and events but by the explanations of what these things or events are.  However, children in different societies and cultures grow with dissimilar perceptions on things that they may have in common.  This is because their assumption and analysis of reality depend on the social influences that surround them, which is otherwise called as culture.  An example for this is ethics and morals.  Every society, from the most advanced to the most primitive, has moral or ethical standards.  Nevertheless, these may differ to great extent, which is why some people of one culture would mistakenly reach a conclusion that those of another are entirely immoral.  Since social perspective varies according to the society it is held, judgment for immorality or being unethical can only be applied in one social condition.  What can be right for a predominantly Buddhist society may be utterly wrong for one that is predominantly Christian.  However, the people living in a Christian society are not supposed to criticize those who belong in a Buddhist society because their parameters for morality are different.  A Buddhist who violates the mores of his own culture and society may be considered deviant though.  This is because he is expected to have assumed the same social perspective, being a product of the same cultural and religious education training as those with others in his society. 

Mans line of thought is a product of material objects.  His brain, of course, is material but it also processes information gathered by sensual observation of material evidences.  From his earliest years as a child, he is already taught on how he should behave as a member of the family, in front of his friends, and in the school.  The process of learning about how he should behave is actually a course in which he is also taught what society expects of him.  Therefore, all through out his school years and even as he joins the productive force, his mind is filled with the social principles distinct to his society.  He absorbs the social perspective so much that he eventually makes it a part of his own identity.  Ultimately, his own thoughts do not only bear the hallmarks of such perspective but actually is actually a product of it.  As he carries the mode of thinking taught to him and expected of him by society, he himself becomes instrumental in upholding a social perspective and in influencing others with it.

It is very important for sociologists to be able to grasp comprehensively the social perspective of any given society or social group.  By doing so, they will be able to deduce all information gathered from social research and individual observation into conclusions falling under one specific collective mode of thinking and behavior.  A study on social perspective can lead to the possibility of easily identifying the impressions of a social group from a scenario or from an object that has an impact on them collectively.  For policymakers in the government, disregarding social perspective is a recipe for disaster.  The results of such disregard can be policies that are so unpopular that the citizens or a particular social group can go up in massive protests against the government.  Effectively integrating with the populace in order to find out about their wants and needs is one way of discerning the social perspective.  If government takes pains in doing so before creating any sweeping policies that will affect citizens or just a social group, it manages to avoid unpopularity and heavy criticism.  If it is responsible enough to send out social researchers and have the services of sociologists to analyze the information gathered, it can anticipate the possible reactions of the people for every policy or decision it formulates.

Social perspective has a bearing in how social groups interact with each other.  If a person is brought up in a family that teaches hatred for other races, he may find himself socializing only with those whom he shares the same skin color and even political and racial beliefs.  Although he belongs to a society, that admits to uphold equality regardless of race and religion, he begins to create or be involved in a sub-group that shares the same racist views.  Although society may not subscribe to such ideas, he and his group may just interpret some ambiguous policies, actions, and laws to be in favor of what they believe.  This is how they justify their principles and the movements related to it.  Certainly, they will be considered by others as a bunch of racists.  However, they may not be affected at all by the labeling and the criticisms.  Their collective reality is different. They believe in the righteousness of their cause.

The study of social perspective can lead into the better appreciation of the conflicts and the harmonious relationships that exist in a society.  Conflicts between social groups or classes can be attributed to the contradicting perspectives that they have.  In a capitalist society for example, the workers may at first see their class as having a specific function for the survival and development of society.  In some cases, especially in very conservative social conditions, they may be taught that labor is their contribution while for a select few, capital is.  However, even if they are educated in such away, their actual experience in the factory may awaken them into another interpretation of reality.  They will soon realize that the capital contributed by the wealthy few for developing society comes from their own labor.  Since they work collectively in a factory setting, they begin to realize that it is their class that creates wealth in the first place.  Therefore, the capitalists may just be appropriating a huge portion of their labors products.  They will come to conclude that society can be developed without the existence of the capitalist class.  In fact, such society will be even more equal and just.  This social perspective breeds the will to change society.

It is clear that social perspective may be taught to members of a society so that they will be factors in maintaining the existing state of affairs.  In a society where the political, economic, and cultural powers are controlled by a minority, it is necessary that the majority are constantly educated with principles that serve the status quo.  Otherwise, the majority will interpret reality from the viewpoint of the powerless and will seek to introduce change in their favor.  The education and training that favor the status quo is expected to subjugate the majority.  However, as mentioned earlier, social perspective is not just created by what is taught or by multimedia means of mind control.  It relies more on the material conditions perceived by the senses rather than the ideas infused to the mind through various cultural forms and processes.  Simple questions based from observations such as why are we poor while a few are rich or why people of color have less job opportunities than whites will lead to the formation of a new collective consciousness, a social perspective different or even opposing the social perspective taught before and which once was thought as real.

Social perspective cannot be observed from just one individual sample.  Although the individual carries with him the ideas that he are influenced by things, events, and people surrounding him, he alone will not be sufficient to provide the observer a conclusion regarding society.  Aristotle said that the whole is always greater than the sum of its parts and this is true when it comes to the study of social perspective.  The individual thought may not totally reflect the thought of his organization or his society.  The sum of such thoughts from different individuals living same social condition may indeed reflect the social mode of thinking.  However, reflection is the most that it can do.  It does not absolutely represent the social perspective.  This is because the whole is not just the sum of its parts.  According to the book Principles of Gestalt Psychology, it is more correct to say that the whole is something else than the sum of its parts, because summing up is a meaningless procedure, whereas the whole-part relationship is meaningful. (Koffka p.176)  This means that in order to learn about the social perspective in a particular society or social group, it may be necessary to analyze the individual but what is more conclusive would be the findings provided by a social research.  Such social researches should concentrate more on the behavioral patterns of groups based on nationality, religion, race, class, age, gender or any other subdivision among the members of society.  Sociologists do not make conclusions about society by relying on information collected from the study of an individual.  They understand society deeply by learning about the behavior of the groups of people present in it.

Once social perspective is handed down to younger generations through educational processes and once it is taught through formal and informal ways, such as academic institutions and mass media respectively, it becomes institutionalized.  The definition or meaning of a certain thing, event, or personal character becomes very much an integral part of society.  Because of this social reality is constructed.  Social perspective, therefore, is at the very core of social reality.  It is the mode of thinking that the members of a particular society have in common and, thus, becomes the basis of agreement over issues that they are confronted with.  The social construction of reality is not a product of a common social perspective only at one single instance.  It is the result of modes of thinking being handed down from one generation to another.  It is the psyche behind the many cultural forms, which have been instrumental in preserving society for long periods of time.  It is, therefore, obvious that deconstruction of a social reality may take a very long process.  It will take a counter-culture to do it, one that provides an alternative but acceptable interpretation of objective conditions in society.  However, for as long as the material conditions that molded the perceptions of society remain present, there is no possibility for a perspective devoid of objective basis to take shape.  The development of social perspective does not precede the material conditions that shape it.  Instead, structural changes in society can prompt the social perspective to change.

There has been a growing debate over the perceived danger of using cellular phones while driving. Advocates of banning this practice have pointed out scientific research findings that indicate drivers get dangerously distracted while doing such activity. Meanwhile, their opponents has pointed out new gadgets, such as hands-free cellular phones, which are less distracting than the traditional handheld models, and are therefore less likely to cause automobile accidents. Pitting both sides arguments against each other, we realize that advocates of prohibiting driving while using cellular phones have more sound reasons than their opponents. The amount of research findings and statistics that indicate the danger of such practice also underline the need to enact legislation that bans it immediately.

Drivers of automobiles should be prohibited from using cellular phones while driving because there is sufficient scientific research to back up claims that such practice leads to traffic accidents. In light of this knowledge, the government must interfere and protect not only the lives of drivers, but also the lives of other people and property in our roads and streets. While hands-free phones are improving in terms of design and functionality, they still do not change the fact that talking on the phone is different from talking to a passenger and the former causes too much distraction to the driver, leading to traffic accidents. Therefore, the only way to completely protect everyone and the property in our roads and streets is to enact legislation that bans everyone from using cellular phones while driving automobiles.

According to scientific research, drivers speaking on cellular phones have much slower reaction times in braking tests as compared to non-users. Even more startling is that these drivers have worse reaction times than drunk drivers (Trapp, 2009, p. 44). If society punishes drunk drivers, then why doesnt it punish drivers using cellular phones if it is true that their reaction times are worse than drunk drivers The next reason for banning the use of cellular phones, while driving, is purely common sense and rational. When a person talks to a cellular phone, he removes one hand from the cars controls, increasing the likelihood of driving mistakes and car accidents. Dialing is even more dangerous because it requires the person to divert his attention away from driving.

Recent features of cellular phones, particularly text messaging, also pose significant danger to drivers. According to a 2006 study by the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety and Students against Destructive Decisions (SADD), sending text messages through cellular phones is the biggest distraction for teens that drive automobiles. Thirty-seven percent of those surveyed claimed that text messaging was extremely or very distracting (Pittman, 2009, p. 71). Therefore, if the government puts a stop to the biggest cause of distraction among young drivers, at the very least, it would already have removed a big cause of traffic accidents.

Proponents of using cellular phones while driving would often point to hands-free cellular phone devices as the solution to the debate. They say that these gadgets allow drivers to talk over the phone while driving safely. Scientific evidence contradicts this claim however, since research shows that there is little difference between using a handheld unit and a hands-free unit in terms of slower reaction times and impaired concentration in braking tests (Trapp, 2009, p. 44). Apparently, the human brain treats a phone conversation differently from talking to a passenger. It is hypothesized that this may be due to the fact that the passenger is more aware of possible road hazards than a person on the other end of a phone conversation. A passenger also can stop talking when the driver needs to concentrate on his driving.

Voice-activated gadgets also do not help since they havent reached the level where they are 100 reliable. Drivers lose concentration while trying to operate them because they get frustrated with using these gadgets. It would also be unfair for the government to ban one kind of cellular phone while allowing the use of others, since this would be inconsistent. Because hands-free gadgets also have the same effect as handheld gadgets, both types should be banned.

It is becoming more and more crucial to enact legislation against using cellular phones while driving because of the increasing usage of such gadgets, and therefore of cellular-phone-induced distraction. This trend has been evident ever since 2000, as a study during this period showed. Seventy drivers were unobtrusively videotaped and high rates of cell-phone-related distraction were found (Olariu  Weigle, p. 14-3). If this is true then, imagine the scale of drivers distraction nowadays that cellular phones are more in use than ever before.

There are existing laws that punish drivers for driving without due care and attention. The problem with these laws is that they are very limited and the charge can be difficult to prove. What is needed is the introduction of a specific offense for drivers who create potentially dangerous situations when they use their cellular phones while driving. A new law addressing this specific offense is completely enforceable because billing records would indicate when exactly a phone was used. Since there are also many cameras in our streets today, it is easier to detect drivers who break the law by using cellular phones while driving.

Using cellular phones, while driving, is also not a necessity. People did without such a practice 10 years ago, and there hasnt been a significant change in peoples driving practices and lifestyles to make this recent practice indispensable. This means that arguments that bring up any loss of personal liberty have no real basis. Drivers can always pull over and use their cellular phones while their car is safely parked. Banning this practice also further protects drivers lives because they do not have to answer their bosses who call them while they are on the road, eliminating the need for an employee to risk his life for the company he works for. Banning cell phone use, while driving, is even more crucial if we consider the results of a 2007 survey, which found out that most people who talk on the phone while driving are young drivers. Out of 1,200 drivers, 73 percent talked on their cellular phones, and most of them were young people (Carroll  Buchholtz, 2008, p. 372). The government cannot let the young generation be in danger of this recent practice, and therefore must intervene to stop it.

Perhaps the greatest reason for banning cellular phone use while driving is the governments role of protecting its citizens.  Drunk driving and breaking speed limits are banned for a reason they endanger the lives of drivers, passengers and pedestrians. Therefore, the government has the responsibility to protect the innocent as well as the property along our streets and roads. Turning a blind eye to these dangers is equal to neglecting such responsibility.

The world today is grappling with multifaceted challenges that threaten to stabilize the social, economic and even political set-ups. These challenges include international terrorism, drugs trafficking, arms smuggling and human trafficking, to mention but the least. Worth noting is that, due to globalization, most these challenges are interconnected and their resolutions demand concerted efforts from across the nations. This paper focuses on the causes and nature of human trafficking in and through Thailand the legal structures available in the country to combat the illicit trade and also the impact of globalization the unscrupulous trade.

The most distinguishing feature of human trafficking is that it has targeted women for either sexual exploitation or for the provision of cheap labor in farms and industries. As Beeks and Amir (2006) point out, the trafficking in women in our modern world, exists not only in Thailand but also in many countries across the globe and this goes a long way into demonstrating how slavery as it was known before, has actually changed in form. In essence, the problem of human trafficking in global in context and it also proved to be one of the fastest growing criminal enterprises. (61)

This illicit business is quite attractive for traffickers because of the economic returns that it brings, given the fact that it is also much less risky. In fact, it is estimated that human traffickers operating in organized criminal gangs garner approximately  7 to 12 each year from trafficking in women. Notably, the country that tops the list where this illicit business has flourished is Thailand, closely followed by Philippines, which have been the major transit countries in many years. Recently, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union countries have also become significant market for trading in women (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p. 61).

According to Beeks and Amir (2006) the root causes of human trafficking are uniform in all countries where the trade is conducted, Thailand inclusive. These include unemployment, abject poverty the low social and economic status of women in their respective countries, inadequate social-economic opportunities and the want of prosperous life. Another crucial factor that has helped the perpetration of human trafficking, it is the idealistic view of the western world and the wealthier countries women are easily lured by the promise to go there to work only to end up in brothels as prostitutes. (62)
This trafficking of human beings has become such a complex problem because it is conducted in various ways. In Thailand, women are exploited as workers in sweatshops they are used to beg in streets for money or they are exploited sexually in brothels (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.61)

The Prevalence of Human Trafficking in Thailand
Besides being the country where human trafficking is a noted criminal mainstay, Thailand has eventually become the origin, transit and destination for women being trafficked from across the world. Many women who are Thailand nationals are trafficked to Europe, Australia, North America and Japan for the sole purpose of sex exploitation through debt bondage (Beeks and Amir, 2006).

Previously, the trafficking of women within borders was identified as the major problem. But since the economy of the country began to rely on the steady supply of exploitable labor from across borders, the cases of intra-border trafficking have reduced significantly. Currently, people from countries such as Cambodia, Lao, Burma and China are trafficked into Thailand, where they stay to either work in sweat shops, brothels, farms andor fisheries or they are further trafficked to other countries such as Malaysia (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.143)

This illicit trade has flourished in Thailand for a number of reasons. For one, the officials in Thailand who have the onus of combating the crime have been complicit in either committing it or not taking decisive actions against its perpetrators. Besides, some government officials have been involved in human trafficking these officials are mostly in the low levels of the law enforcement force and those of the immigration department (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.143)

However, these lower tier officials are not the only ones to blame for the prevalence of human trafficking in Thailand there are senior Thailand public official, especially from the political class, the police and the military who have been identified as harboring commercial interests in the brothels and sweatshops, where many victims of human trafficking toil and moil for their exploiters (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.143)

This however, does not mean that the business of trafficking of women in and through Thailand is a quite sophisticated process to the contrary, it basically involves some loosely connected networks of criminal gangs. It is these very criminals who make collaboration with other such like criminals across borders to facilitate the trafficking of people outside Thailand their networks therefore, are of a global nature (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.143)

The Challenge of Combating Human Trafficking in Thailand
Since human trafficking is a multifaceted problem, the quest by the Thai government to curb the crime has been met with equally insurmountable hurdles. The Thai government has mostly concentrated its efforts on enacting legal structures that can help in deterring traffickers from conducting the business, though this has proved to be of little, if any, constructive result.
Historically, human trafficking in Thailand was first recorded back in 1984, when five girls who had been trafficked from the north of the country were found chained onto a steel window bars and burnt to death after the brothel they were in caught fire. Ever since then, Thailand has been battling with the problem of human trafficking, thereby amassing a wealth of experience on this crime more than any other nations in the world (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.144)

Subsequently, Thailand enacted a number of legislations aimed at containing the crime from being carried out within and thorough its borders. One such law was passed later in 1992 and was then subsequently amended in 1997. Then in the late 2005, a new law, crafted along the provisions of the Trafficking Protocol was passed in Thailand to combat human trafficking (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.144)

Far from that, Thailand has also used a network of laws whose provisions are related to those statutes that fight against human trafficking. These include such laws whose aims are to combat prostitution, money laundering and also those laws that address the rights and liberties of immigrants and workers (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.144)

When it comes to the enforcement of these laws Thailand has made some progress in regards to the investigations and prosecution of traffickers. Beeks and Amir (2006) state the fact that whereas the prosecution of the offenders has been quite sporadic, they have nonetheless taken place and there is a marked in better prepared cases making it into the court. Arguably, more than any other country in Southeast Asia, Thailand has demonstrated conviction in the identification and response to the vulnerability of the victims of human trafficking, including those that are brought to those that are brought to the criminal justice process (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.144)

So far, Thailand boasts of a rudimentary system, which helps in identifying victims of trafficking from the numerous illegal migrants, most of whom are undocumented. And even though there still exists some significant gaps and weaknesses, this system ensures that at least a good number of victims of human trafficking within Thailand receive immediate support and assistance in repatriation (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.144)

In comparison to the magnitude of the problem of human trafficking in Thailand, this progress is invariably modest. As Kara (2009) notes the Royal Thai Police faces challenge that are typical of such law enforcement units created by countries to investigate and prosecute anti-trafficking crimes. Like other such units, the Royal Thai Police is of a small size in the human resource and it is also under funded. This frustrates the efforts of the officers in the unit in the sense that even though they are committed to fight trafficking, slavery and other related crimes they dont have the funds to train their officers, purchase arms, uniforms and even conduct comprehensive investigations. As a result, foreign assistance has become the main source of their funding and such means have proved inadequate in funding the Royal Thai police. (39)

Far from that, Royal Thai Police unit doesnt have the authority to conduct an investigation or raid in a sex-slave establishment its only allowed to respond to complaints from communities or victims. And the complaints are hard to come by because victims are often intimidated by traffickers. There are also no witness protection laws to protect the victims who would wish to volunteer information about the trade. Consequently, less than ten percent of the victims have so far testified against their oppressors (Kara, 2009, p. 39).

Beeks and Amir (2006) are of the argument that the evaluation of the Thailand criminal justice response to human trafficking is complicated due to the fact that it is a country of origin, transits and destination. For instance, the manner in which Thailand handles the trafficking of its citizens across borders is quite different from the way it responds to trafficking and exploitation of foreigners in the country. The Thailand authorities rarely conduct or even commence investigations in case of human trafficking from Thailand. It is typical of Thailand police to respond to request for information and assistance from foreign authorities that are investigating of trafficking of Thailand citizens into their own countries. (147)

Normally trafficking within and into Thailand is hardly investigated or prosecuted in any systematic or particularly effective way. The Royal Thai Police, whose main mandate is to deal with human trafficking cases, only act in response to a particular complaint and the speed and depth of its investigation depend on the avenue through which the complaint is presented. For instance, the cases which are brought to open by the media or by local and international non-governmental organizations are addressed with urgency and effectively.  The high level of complicity by the public sector and the general mistrust of Thai police, have made many a victims not to register their complaints, mostly if the victims are foreigners, illegal immigrants andor have faced exploitation in the sex industry (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.147)

Above all, the manner in which convicted traffickers are penalized leaves much to be desired about the provisions in the law. Kara (2009) argues that for human trafficking crimes to become riskier there must be a corresponding measurable risk that is economically detrimental to whoever commits that particular crime. If anything, sex slavery is a crime with enormous economic returns a criminal trade in which a slave owner exploits hisher slave in order to bring to the minimum the cost of labor and to maximize the returns. But in Thailand there is no financial penalty for persons who have are convicted for sex trafficking offense. The jail term is always a part of any such conviction but in most cases the term does not last more than a few years. (40)

On another front, there has been there has been stunted cooperation and coordination between the organizations that work on human trafficking in Thailand. The responsibilities to achieve this have been allocated between government agencies and the agencies and non-governmental organizations, which have failed to successfully implement the duties expected of them (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p.144).

Impact of Globalization on Human Trafficking in Thailand
Undoubtedly, globalization has greatly impacted human trafficking in Thailand in number of ways. One of them is that it has fanned the criminal trade by facilitating the transit of people into and through Thailand. Sanders, ONeill and Pitcher (2009), demonstrate the fact that migration today is as a result of some powerful market forces that are inextricably connected with globalization, capital market forces and the mainstreaming of the sex industry (163).

Oishi (2005) further adds that the crime of human trafficking has been fed by the migration of people from one country to another. Asia is specifically being affected by this changing global landscape (184). It should be noted that through globalization, communication has been made easier and so it is the access to the knowledge about the available markets of trafficked women. Since Thailand is a busy transit point, globalization has speeded up its efficiency in the criminal trade.

Secondly, globalization has brought a radical twist on the question of prostitution an issue that is central in human trafficking. ONeill (2001) argues that there are currently two major perspectives on prostitution. One of which is that women who work as prostitutes are normally exploited by the people (men) who organize and manage the industry. Moreover, prostitution and the wider sex industry are structured in such a manner that they establish prostitution as a patriarchal institution, which affects the lives of women and gendered relations. The second perspective is that in the present society, many women have freely chosen prostitution as a form of work and the rights and liberties of the women working in the sex industry need to be respected and upheld just like those of any other workers and this include the freedom from fear, exploitation and violence in the course of their work. (16)

The latter conceptualization, as Penttinen, (2008)observes, mainly refers to the absence of  alternatives to sex work, which causes women to resort to prostitution as the most profitable option rather than being directly coerced or tricked into prostitution by third parties such as pimps, boyfriends or criminal networks. The debate rather involves the discussions whether a prostitute is merely selling herself or her sex. The former standpoint reflects a patriarchal ideology that associates women identity with her sex and that considers virginity and chastity as womans highest value (15).
These ideological shifts are a justification to prostitution by women who find themselves in the web of human trafficking and decide to remain victims. This mindset mean that an increasing number of molested victims will opt not to come out in the light with their testimonies and to the law enforcement force of a country like Thailand, where the crime is rife, this doesnt bode well for its future.
 
Thirdly, globalization had also seen to the cooperation on countries in Asia in the fight against human trafficking. Given that human trafficking is a vice that has got an extensive global network, Thailand cannot successfully combat it unilaterally she needs the support of the international community.
As Oishi (2005) reveals, for quite some time, there was no regional cooperation or discussions that concerned the protection of migrant workers in Asia. But in recent years, many countries in the region have realized the need to cooperate on the issue of migration largely due to the increase in cases of trafficking of both women and children. For instance, the Manila Process, which was initiated by seventeen countries within the region in 1996, has provided a regular forum for migration authorities to share crucial information on the trends and policy measures that concern irregular migration and human trafficking (184). This cooperation has been made possible by the demand of globalization that countries need to share the battle front in combating the challenges that face them.
The Thai government has also demonstrated conviction in cooperating with its regional neighbors to stump out human trafficking Beeks and Amir (2006) state that Thailand is now playing an important role in fighting human trafficking abroad. Its government is considered a regional policy leader on the issue of trafficking. It has managed to reach an agreement the governments of Lao and Cambodia on the issue of identification and repatriation of victims of the vice. (144)

Thailand also helped set into motion the COMMIT process, a high-level ministerial process that consisted of all the six countries of the Greater Mekong Sub-region a process that resulted into the adoption of a landmark Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). Apart from that, Thailand has been instrumental in promoting and coordinating cooperation between the law enforcement agencies within the sub-region. And the Thailand government has at least signed the Organized Crime Convention and Trafficking Protocol, though it is yet to ratify it. Besides, Thailand is a party to a number of key international human rights instruments, for instance the Women Convention, the International Labor Law (ILO) Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labor and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Beeks and Amir, 2006, p144).

Additionally, it is through globalization that the Asian countries managed to come up with the Asia Pacific Consultation (APC), which is sponsored by both the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the UNHCR, is another forum that helps the Asian and Pacific countries to make consultations on matters regarding the movement of populations in the region, including those of immigrants, refugees and the internally displaced people (Oishi, 2005, p.184). Such collaboration means that Thailand gained the much needed partnership, which is crucial in its efforts to fight against human trafficking.   

Conclusion
The problem of human trafficking is chronic in Thailand and as elaborated herein, the country cannot succeed to fix the problem without the help from international players. The major factor that exacerbates this problem is globalization, which enables the communication and movements of people across borders. The situation is apparently getting bleaker with governments concentrating resources in fighting other forms of crimes, despite ratifying various treaties that abhor human trafficking.

Introduction
Corporations have direct impact on the lives of the public. At the outset, these organizations create employment opportunities for the society members. Besides, the ventures contribute to the economic development through tax remittance. Their management is of great concern to the public and therefore violations by these organizations or individuals in these firms attract as much attention as can be expected. These crimes may include indulgence of firms or individuals acting on behalf of the corporation in violations of laws that are punishable. These violations call for penalties as well as fines. However, corporations are always operating in larges scale and have both financial and political influence therefore these penalties andor fines may be insignificant to their operational costs. This may be one of the factors that have contributed to increased corporate crimes in the U.S. Several legislations have been enacted but with minimal funding from the government and increased globalization, little has been achieved as far as suppressing corporate crimes is concerned. Prevention of these criminal activities requires involvement of all stakeholders including the government but more so the corporate and the behavior and business culture these organizations are nurturing.

Types of corporate crimes
Corporate crimes are varied in nature and may therefore be classified into various types. According to Hartley (2008), corporate crimes are in five groups including Elite crime, Elite deviance, occupational crime, organizational crime as well as political crime. To begin with, Elite crimes entail violations of the law committed by an individual or a group of individuals while carrying out a legitimate occupational and financial activity on behalf of the organization. Elite deviance on the other hand involve violations of the law committed by leaders and or organizations they head that result in either financial, physical or moral harm to the offended. Occupational crime involves violations of the law committed by an individual while carrying out an activity in a legitimate occupation.

Political crime entails violations of the public trust committed by an individual or on behalf of the government driven by the desire of financial gain. Finally, organizational crime involves violations of the law by omission or commission of an individual or groups of individuals in a genuine and recognized organization, which have grave economic or physical effects on workers, customers or the general community (Hartley, 2008). Clinard  Yeager (2005) however classifies crime committed by an individual in hisher own capacity and not acting on behalf of the firm as occupational crime and not corporate crime and vise versa.

Typical Profile of an offender
Corporate crimes cause more harm and deaths compared to other sources of death. This is not publicized hence the public unawareness of the implications of such crimes. Corporate offenders are individuals of middle or high class with high level of education and no history of crime-related activities. The offender studies the existing regulations on crime violations and get involved in sophisticated planning of the crimes. They are always sober and not influenced by drugs in most cases and usually prefer privacy by working alone except when need for corporation arise. The corporate crime offenders take advantage of prevailing opportunities in the work environment such as self-regulation to pursue their ambitions. These offenders rob the economies enormous finances worth billions of dollars.

Causes of corporate crime
Causes of corporate crimes stem from socio- cultural and economic factors, nature and structure of the corporate, competence as well as industries that facilitate crimes in their mode of operations (Gobert  Punch 2003). The duo argue that the standards and conduct of the society especially the business community as well as the government influences to a great extent the behavior of corporate within the same societal setting. They state that its uncommon to find a corporate that enhances transparency in a society that tolerates crime and corruption. The employees come from the same corruption-ridden society and therefore influence the operations of the organization in one way or another. The nature and structure of organizations facilitates crimes by hook or by crook.

To begin with, organizational decisions which are portrayed as unitary may at times prove to be actions of a single segment of the organization. In the corporate are cultural segmentation, rivalries and poor communication as well as institutional disintegration which make it hard to articulate judiciousness and coherence to unitary decision-making process of an organization. Moreover, the pressures and forces exerted on individual members in an organization to meet the demands of the organization may turn them into group actors thereby increasing their chances of indulging in violations even though they might have been individuals of high moral standards. His idea is shared by Clinnard and Yeager (2005) who despite insisting on individual members in the corporate as the key offenders emphasize on the pressures and opportunity in the business that makes the criminal activity inevitable in such corporate. They attribute this to existence of such corporate in an environment characterized by stiff competition. It is important for corporate to adopt strategies which would ensure their survival in the market as well as their growth in the industry. However, it is unfortunate that some corporate get involved in crimes to enhance their chances of survival ( HYPERLINK httpbooks.google.co.kebooksqinauthor22MarshallBarronClinard22clientfirefox-asourcegbs_metadata_rcad11 Clinard   HYPERLINK httpbooks.google.co.kebooksqinauthor22PeterC.Yeager22clientfirefox-asourcegbs_metadata_rcad11 Yeager, 2005).

Gruner (2004) supports this by implying that sources of crime curtail from features of corporate functions which provides an atmosphere for corporate individuals to engage in violations. He further reiterates that corporate employees not only commit offenses for their personal gains but also for the benefit of the corporate. According to Gruner (2004), individuals are responsible for committing offenses while corporate do not. He however argues that the aim of committing corporate crimes is to realize benefits that will help corporate in one way or another. For instance, corporate may be involved in violations to increase revenues or even to minimize expenses associated with law compliance. On the other hand, these crimes may be aimed at personal gains by the individual involved in the violations or at shunning penalties to those individuals for failure to achieve assigned duty. Violations are also possible when one or more agents of the corporate engage in a crime in which case the corporate is liable.

Gobert  Punch (2003) further explain how an organization can be liable to corporate crimes due to incompetence of its board members. Assumption that board members are qualified is always risky since some of these individuals may be lacking certain expertise to address organizational problems as witnessed in the Enron collapse thereby leading to corporate crimes. Finally, the duo explain how the coercive nature of industries facilitate the corporate crimes by individual members as earlier elaborated by Clinnard and Yeager (2005) who cited pressures from the corporate as the reasons why members indulge in corporate crimes.

Conclusion
Corporate have direct impact on the lives of the society and therefore high degree of transparency and expertise should be enhanced in its management to minimize cases of corporate crimes which have not only robbed the economy of its resources but have also caused deaths in many circumstances. Stringent legislative measures should also be enacted to provide stiffer penalties thereby controlling the up surging corporate crime rates.

Leadership remains to be an essential quality shaping organizational development and harmonizing the process of supplementing new directions for change. It seeks to address the appropriate mindset for addressing challenges and complementing the necessary styles in cultivating behavior and establishing effective relationships. Given these, it is crucial to identify appropriate strategies and seek out to address the changing trends of today. Such capacity then opens up greater appreciation and value towards providing a path that brings about transformation and recognition of ones capacity and goals.

Reflecting on my current process of applying leadership goals, it can be seen that I have sought to develop a transformational style. It is derived from the overall objective to sustain growth and encourage actions that can stimulate relationships and cultivating important areas such as communication, effective group interaction and recognition of a specific purpose. I do believe that all these have indeed been relevant in creating a transformation and discovering new approaches to establish patterns towards adapting to the current environment.

However, in achieving this process, I have to undergo different challenges and hurdles that tested my determination in pursuing my goal. It brought about significant insights over what needs to be done and what serve as catalysts in achieving these objectives accordingly. Seeing this, I used the experiences, both negative and positive as instruments in recognizing the appropriate mindset and what efforts need to be made. Such dynamics then provided the leverage to decipher the value of communication, group interplay, and consciousness as valuable principles collaborating and making transformational leadership work.

Establishing Consciousness
One relevant process that I had observed remains important in furthering transformational leadership revolves around creating an established consciousness. This principle revolves not mainly on operating on specific goals and values. Rather, it corresponds to a collective calling in achieving a prospect and value  something that is innate and responsive to the needs of each one. It is through such mindset that values, principles, and goals must be rooted. As Burns (2003) provides, leaders take the initiative in mobilizing people for participation in the processes of change, encouraging a sense of collective identity and collective efficacy, which in turn brings stronger feelings of self-worth and self-efficacy (p. 25).

Similarly, processes and issues are addressed in a communal manner. Here, attention is given on the views of all and correspond to how our individual differences shape the perspective in outlining our transcendence and contributions for the betterment of the group. In particular, Palmer (2003) mentions that in order to achieve this process, we need both the interior intimacy that comes with solitude and the otherness that comes with community (p.54). 

Relating this to my experience, my participation within a group opened my eyes to the process of transformational leadership. Here, the group exhibited behavior that sought to intensify the value of redefining the process of interaction. It takes into account each ones contribution as supplementary and vital to the achievement of goals. Other actors within the group served as equal representatives in developing this consciousness. Such ability to understand one another brought about the value of consciousness to be fully realized and allowed my capacity to lead transcend to the groups needs accordingly.

Cultivating Communication
Another process that is valuable in the facilitation of transformational leadership revolves around communication. Under this component, it takes into consideration both informal and formal patterns that serve as instrument in bridging similarities and differences together in a group. Such course then ensures the stability of the group by opening up not only elements of interaction and compliance but also seek to resolve occurring disputes that are happening within the organization or group (Carey, 2006). This element in turn thus serves as an important catalyst in honing transformational leadership.

Likewise, the establishment of effective communication and interaction creates opportunities for sharing of ideas. This in turn helps establishes relationships by furthering common areas where individuals agree or disagree. Though this method may provide differing ideas and perspectives over issues, it also carries out the ability to recognize and point out human needs and justify what directions are necessary. As Carey (2006) points out, the move toward greater and greater self-transcendence may be viewed as the driving force of developmental theories of human growth, the criterion for authentic human needs, and the antecedent for authentic relationship (p.3).

Applying this principle with my experience, I deem that the communication process strengthened my ability to further transcend to the group both as a leader and a member. Here, I learned the value of balancing the time to both listen and speak what I believe is necessary. Under this process, I began to cherish how communication and dialogue infuses authenticity and ability to convey important ideas. It served as an important leverage not only on getting things done but also redefined my view of enhancing conflict-resolution strategies and cultivating motivation.

At the same time, the establishment of communication also helped realized its impact in relationships. I began to appreciate that for every organizationgroup to work such process should remain embedded within its dynamics and function. It brings about the ability to recognize fully responsibilities of each actor and how they can contribute with the process of achieving a unified mission and objective. These elements served as vital in honing my ability to recognize the value and relevance of transformational leadership as it takes communication as the groundwork for gaining success.

Group Dynamics and Interaction
The last aspect shaping transformational leadership circumvents with the creating a specific group dynamic and interaction that is rooted with the end goal and objectives. Here, it takes into account the relevance ideas and how it can be use to complement one another to achieve a specific task. Such process can stem from a simple to a more complex one gaining momentum and motivated by a proper leadership style.

At the same time, the process also considers the creation of work with consideration of how the group contributes to the process. Allowing each one a fair share of production, it can shape their ability to recognize their function and meaning within the community. Such realities then provide valuable opportunities to allow growth and further development to occur. Here, Carey (2006) mentions, the insights we have about the dynamics of transformation (regarding both what facilitates and hinders it) can be applied to work as leaders, choosing to assist others in their own developmental journey toward leadership consciousness (p.3). 

Reflecting on its application on my experience, I do believe that considering the value of culture also remains to be a valuable process to consider in transformational leadership. To become an effective leader, I must not only seek to cultivate relationships but also address the capacity and responsibility to understand the differences that people have. Here, I had made considerable attention in fostering informal and formal interaction to acquire information and competency. Such approach then provided a greater degree in achieving tasks in a more effective manner.

In the end, the value of achieving transformational leadership takes time. It seeks to create a collective undertaking in both individuals and groups towards recognizing the notion of communication, consciousness and relationships as valuable tenets in achieving transcendence. These elements also provide the ability to utilize new dimensions in addressing current trends and encourage a new sense of belongingness and motivation to pursue objectives regardless of existing challenges and hurdles along the way.