Sociology

1.0 Introduction
The reviews cited are based on ethnicity Ethnic minorities concept from the category sociology purporting facts on definition of the concept, measurement of concept in migration research and the use of concept in migration research. Ethnicity concept is a variable which is viewed as an important factor in research population is experiencing tremendous growth and is contributed by minority populations. It is a major concern in population as it perceived to be controversial variable in public health, economic growth, social status and demographic change factor.

The objective of the concept is to demonstrate influence on ethnic minority factors on development and the human behaviour to change the perception of ethnicity in society. The forces which stimulate ethnic minority such as new genetics, focus on health, inequalities in health care, globalization, migration, large mass movement of refugees, trafficking of human to other nations influences the research based on these concept to find facts and informed decisions in national planning.

The article relates to facts of ethnic minority and provides relevant information by explaining different perceptions of ethnicity as defined by different scholars, the use of the concept as it is mainly applied in medical planning and how it is measured in migration. The scope of research is limited only to ethnic minorities.

Definitions
Bhopal (2004) states that ethnicity refers to a specific social group of individuals sharing common characteristics such as origin of ancestry, languages, religion, geographical settings, diet, culture and physical features. The characteristics which define ethnicity are variables, thus it is perceived as imprecise and fluid, it differs from one race, nationality, religion and migrant social stature to another.
Societal collection featured with distinct social and cultural traditions passed from one generation to another sharing same past and origin with sense of identity in a group as suggested by Scarlett S. Lil and Jennifer L. Kelsey (2000).

Sumi Okazaki and Stanley Sue (1995) define Ethnicity as features that can be identified effortlessly having universal cultural past with several persons possessing similar characters such as race, country of origin, belief, verbal communication and cultural locale. These features used to identify ethnicity do not necessarily appear independent but in interrelated patterns and configuration thus the grouping is based on assumptions that individual shares psychological feature associated with cultures related to personality. Ethnicity is demographic variable which displays psychological values such as cultural activities, religious practices, self-concept and social statue (Foner, 2001).

Tim Dertwinkel (2008) statement explains that ethnic minority is perceived as to be real or imagined community having a certain sense of belonging. The bases of the attributes are identified by carriers namely religion, language and territory.

Measuring of Ethnicity Concept in Migration
Migration is physical movement of people from one place to another  sometimes over a long distances due to push or pull factors in such of employment, conducive environment or being forced to move by occurrences of natural catastrophes, these migration has effects on ethnicity as stated
Migration size and ethnicity value is on rise due to globalization and strong process of change is experienced as large mass of people are migrating. The identification of migration measurements is through assimilation, separation, integration and marginalization as stated by Klaus F. Zimmerman and same case by Mark Thomson and Maurice Crul (2007).

Tim Dertwinkel (2008) suggests that the minority suffer severe inequity in the economy, politics and social sectors with limited resources. The minority are characterized by less education, poor health, poverty, poor housing structures, roads, high school drop outs, unemployment and poor access to social amenities. He further states that the minorities in form of migrants are the most vulnerable in society as far as economic growth are concerned.

Use of Ethnic Concept in Migration Research
Ethnic minority status data has been used in applications of clinical settings by identifying inhabitants receiving unequal prevention and screening to better and prioritize public medical attention targets and strategic planning (Foner, 2001). The suggestions lead to etiology thus guide in understanding the roles of interaction between genetics and environmental factors in a given geographical setting. Findings are used to assess conceptual risk factors, symptoms and diseases which may differ from one ethnic group to another in planning future developments on health to make specific interventions for a specific group as explained by Scarlett S. Lil and Jennifer L. Kelsey (2000).